RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

How Arqaris turns filings into research.

Every report separates retrieved facts, deterministic calculations, filing-based observations, and known limitations. Missing evidence is shown as unavailable rather than estimated.

SOURCE HIERARCHY

Primary records first

01

SEC submissions

Used for issuer identity, filing dates, forms, accession numbers, and direct filing links.

02

SEC XBRL facts

Used for standardized financial history such as revenue, income, cash flow, cash, debt, and shares.

03

Primary filing links

Used as factual locators for full context. Arqaris does not reproduce or closely paraphrase issuer narrative in public-information mode.

04

USAspending.gov

Only records whose recipient exactly matches the normalized SEC registrant name are displayed. Affiliates, subsidiaries, abbreviations, and similarly named recipients remain possible matches; their award details and amounts are withheld until issuer mapping is reviewed. Displayed award totals are labeled separately from the latest transaction action date and federal obligation, when available; neither is treated as issuer revenue. The module shows its check time and search window, follows a weekly freshness objective, and becomes stale after 14 days.

ISSUER RESOLUTION

Suggest, never fabricate

Search autocomplete and exact ticker reports resolve against Arqaris's bundled SEC-listed company directory. Autocomplete is limited to Nasdaq- and NYSE-listed records and excludes OTC records. A directory suggestion confirms identity only; it does not guarantee that comparable supported filings are available.

Keyboard users can review the same suggestions with arrow keys and select one with Enter. A suggestion is not silently selected and no company is fabricated. The user must choose a listed candidate before Arqaris requests filings or produces a report.

FOREIGN ISSUER COVERAGE

Recognized now, normalized carefully

Arqaris recognizes foreign private issuers that file annual reports on Form 20-F and current reports on Form 6-K, as well as eligible Canadian issuers that use Form 40-F and Form 6-K. For Form 20-F issuers, the readiness check recognizes only reviewed annual IFRS taxonomy concepts. Arqaris can display validated annual history from those concepts without publishing a full research report. Annual monetary, per-share, and share-count units must form one compatible reporting-currency profile. Mixed-currency series are never combined and Arqaris does not convert currencies. A measure is trend-ready only after at least three comparable annual 20-F periods pass form, fiscal-period, unit, duration, and finite-value checks. It is displayed only after amendment-selection checks also pass; no more than the latest five are shown. Each value retains its filing date, accession, unit, and amendment status. The 6-K readiness check counts distinct valid reported periods only when the reported period is not later than the filing date, because a 6-K period label does not by itself establish a comparable financial quarter. Sector schemas, narrative evidence, and full publication validation must pass before complete reports are enabled.

The planned supported universe includes SEC-reporting common stocks and ADRs listed on major U.S. exchanges. ADR ratios, depositary terms, currency conversion, and security-level economics are not inferred. Form 40-F publication remains outside the current scope. OTC-only securities and non-common instruments remain outside the current scope.

CALCULATIONS

Explicit, repeatable rules

Revenue growth

Latest comparable annual revenue divided by the prior comparable annual period, minus one. Only 10-K facts covering roughly 300–430 days are used.

Gross margin

Annual revenue minus a compatible annual cost-of-revenue fact, divided by revenue for the same fiscal year. It remains unavailable when a compatible cost concept is absent.

Operating margin

Annual operating income divided by annual revenue for the same fiscal year.

Net margin

The selected annual consolidated net-income fact divided by revenue for the same fiscal year. The report discloses that this may not always isolate income attributable to the parent.

Diluted EPS

The issuer-reported annual diluted earnings-per-share fact. Arqaris does not derive or estimate diluted EPS when a compatible fact is unavailable.

Free cash flow

Annual net cash from operating activities minus annual payments to acquire property, plant, and equipment. It is shown only when both facts are available.

Debt

The latest standardized current and noncurrent long-term-debt facts are combined when available.

Share-count change

Period-end common shares and diluted weighted-average shares are each compared only with the same measure from the prior comparable annual observation: (latest ÷ prior − 1) × 100.

Historical trends

The default annual view uses up to five comparable annual SEC observations. The optional quarterly view uses up to eight discrete 10-Q facts lasting roughly 60–120 days. It does not derive missing fourth quarters or treat year-to-date cash-flow facts as standalone quarters. Each chart includes an exact-value table with its unit, fiscal-period basis, filing accession, and calculation definition.

Capital allocation

Annual share repurchases, common dividends, and capital spending use the first available standardized SEC cash-flow concept for each category. Missing categories are not estimated.

PROFITABILITY MEASURES

Comparable facts—or unavailable

Gross margin is calculated only when annual revenue and a compatible cost-of-revenue concept exist for the same fiscal year. Net margin uses the selected consolidated net-income fact and therefore discloses that the attributable basis can vary by issuer.

Diluted EPS is shown only as an issuer-reported annual SEC fact. Arqaris does not estimate a missing measure, combine mismatched fiscal periods, or connect gaps in a trend.

REPORTING HISTORY

Short histories stay visibly limited

Reports with fewer than three comparable annual revenue periods are labeled as having limited reporting history. Directional language is qualified, long-term conclusions are reduced, and unavailable periods are never estimated.

Production reports never substitute prototype or demonstration values. A live SEC report with missing annual history shows an empty source-backed chart.

ISSUERS & SECURITIES

One issuer can have multiple tickers

When the SEC ticker directory maps more than one listed security to the same CIK, Arqaris identifies the selected ticker and displays the related ticker records. Financial statements and standardized company facts remain issuer-level unless a source explicitly supports a security-level distinction.

The directory alone does not establish voting rights, conversion terms, relative economics, or which share class may be appropriate for a user. Arqaris does not infer those characteristics.

AMENDMENTS & RESTATEMENTS

Lineage before comparison

Arqaris recognizes 10-K/A and 10-Q/A filings, links an amendment to the matching original filing when SEC report-period metadata permits, and prefers the later filed fact for the same fiscal period. Exact-value tables label facts selected from amendments.

An amendment is not automatically a financial restatement. When the same standardized fact changes between a matching original filing and amendment, Arqaris marks the observation “Revised in amendment,” identifies the affected period, and withholds period-over-period comparisons involving it pending normalization. This deterministic change signal does not independently establish the issuer’s accounting characterization.

RESEARCH SUMMARY

A concise view with visible evidence

The SEC Research Summary combines standardized filing facts and filing metadata into three deterministic snapshots: financial direction, liquidity and capital, and recent disclosure activity. Each snapshot links to the SEC evidence used to produce it.

Unavailable facts remain labeled unavailable. Counts describe only the displayed filing scope and do not imply that an event is favorable, unfavorable, complete, or investment-worthy.

CATALYSTS & CHECKPOINTS

Monitor events without predicting outcomes

Recent 8-K item codes can create a research checkpoint, but they do not establish whether an event is positive, negative, material to valuation, or likely to move the stock. Arqaris links directly to the filing for context.

Operating execution, cash conversion, and capital-structure checkpoints describe what to compare in future periodic filings. The site does not invent earnings dates, event dates, price targets, or expected market reactions.

MANAGEMENT EXECUTION

Direction without a speculative grade

The execution scorecard compares annual revenue, operating margin, calculated free cash flow, and year-end shares outstanding across the latest comparable SEC periods. Each item is labeled supportive, needs attention, neutral, or unavailable and links to standardized SEC facts.

The indicators do not isolate management skill or causation and do not adjust for acquisitions, divestitures, accounting changes, industry cycles, or capital-allocation context. Arqaris therefore does not combine them into an overall management score.

CAPITAL ALLOCATION

Reported cash uses, not a value judgment

Arqaris presents annual standardized cash-flow facts for share repurchases, common dividends, and purchases of property, plant, and equipment. Multi-year charts appear only when comparable facts are available.

The figures describe reported cash deployment. They do not establish whether repurchases were attractively priced, dividends were sustainable, or capital spending will earn an adequate return.

SHARE COUNTS AND DILUTION

Two measures, kept separate

Period-end common shares outstanding and diluted weighted-average shares answer different questions and are not interchangeable. Arqaris compares each measure only with its own prior comparable annual observation.

Share-based compensation expense is not itself dilution. Share counts can also change because of repurchases, issuances, conversions, acquisitions, or stock splits. Arqaris does not infer a cause from the share-count change alone and suppresses the comparison when comparable standardized facts are unavailable.

STOCK ADJUSTMENTS

Reviewed ratios before comparison

Arqaris scans standardized SEC facts for explicit stock-split conversion-ratio, stock-split ratio, or stock-dividend ratio concepts. A pure integer ratio between 2 and 100 is applied once only when one unambiguous effective period falls inside the displayed share history. Earlier observations are adjusted while raw facts, accessions, and ratio metadata remain available for audit.

Exact duplicate disclosures are deduplicated by period and ratio. Repeated observations across distinct periods, ambiguous units, non-integer values, or conflicting metadata cannot authorize an adjustment and are never compounded; the affected comparison remains withheld. A split adjustment does not establish the cause or investment significance of a share-count change.

SECTOR SCHEMAS

Common metrics until specialist definitions are reviewed

SEC SIC metadata is used to flag banking and financial-services issuers, insurers, and REITs. Their reports continue to show supported common filing facts, but sector-specific measures remain explicitly unavailable until concept mappings, formulas, and reconciliation rules receive review.

Arqaris does not improvise net interest margin, CET1, insurance combined ratios, funds from operations, adjusted FFO, or net asset value from generic filing data.

STRUCTURED FILING SIGNALS

Codes are translated, not interpreted

8-K topics: SEC item codes are translated into plain-English labels such as results of operations, leadership change, material agreement, or other material event. The label does not judge whether the event is positive or negative.

Form 4 transactions: non-derivative transaction codes distinguish open-market purchases, sales, grants, exercises or conversions, gifts, tax withholding, tendered shares, inheritance, voting trusts, and other reported transactions. Each card separately translates the filing’s acquired/disposed indicator as a reported acquisition or disposition. These neutral labels do not characterize intent or discretion. Purchase and sale totals include only codes P and S. Reported value is included only when both shares and price are present, so totals can be incomplete.

OWNERSHIP RECORDS

What the filings do—and do not—prove

Forms 3, 4, and 5: Arqaris indexes initial ownership statements, changes in ownership, and annual ownership reports as distinct SEC source records. The insider module shows when SEC submissions were checked and the latest ownership-filing date in the displayed scope; it becomes stale with the report after six hours. Transaction labels and open-market totals come only from safely parsed non-derivative Form 4 codes; Forms 3 and 5 are never counted as trades. Derivative transactions, footnotes, ownership form, and whether a trade was discretionary can materially change the context.

Schedules 13D and 13G: these identify certain beneficial-ownership disclosures, generally around reporting thresholds. When the filing format is clear, Arqaris extracts the first reporting-person name and reported percent of class; otherwise it shows only the primary filing. When two parsed filings name the same reporting person, Arqaris compares the reported percentages in percentage points. That change is not labeled a purchase or sale because amendments and ownership calculations can change for other reasons. These records are not a complete institutional-holder list.

Definitive proxy statements: issuer-filed DEF 14A and DEF 14C records may disclose principal shareholders as of a specific record date. Arqaris links the primary filing but does not treat it as a live holder ranking.

Form 13F: Arqaris does not currently aggregate manager-level 13F holdings. Until a legally usable, issuer-matched aggregation is implemented, the site does not present a “largest institutional holders” table.

REPORT COVERAGE

Completeness is visible

Each report labels major research areas as complete, partial, unavailable, or no recent records. A module-state summary keeps every incomplete area and its coverage reason visible while preserving the valid research below. Coverage reflects whether source data was found and parsed—not whether the company is attractive or the evidence is favorable.

A “no recent records” label is different from unavailable: it means the relevant SEC or government feed was searched successfully but did not return a recent record in the displayed scope. Unavailable means a required source or processing step could not be completed; Arqaris does not infer the missing value.

PRICES & EXTERNAL LINKS

Quotes stay with licensed destinations

Arqaris does not host or redistribute live market prices. The report links users to Yahoo Finance, Google Finance, TradingView, and Nasdaq, where each provider controls its own quote data, terms, and timeliness.

Company and investor-relations links appear only when supplied in SEC submissions and after basic web-address validation.

FRESHNESS & FAILURE

Current when possible, honest when not

Successfully generated reports are cached for six hours. If live sources fail, Arqaris may show the last successfully cached report with a visible stale-data warning.

Live SEC requests use strict time limits and one controlled retry only for throttling or temporary server failures. USAspending receives at most one retry inside a single five-second provider budget, including transaction-detail lookups. When a required fact, filing passage, or external source remains unavailable, the report says so rather than filling the gap with an estimate.

SAFE ERROR STATES

Valid research survives a failed refresh

Public error responses use a stable code, a human-readable message, a support request ID, and an explicit retry flag. Internal exceptions, source credentials, and implementation details are not returned to the browser.

An unsupported filing history is distinguished from a temporary SEC interruption. A failed request never replaces a valid cached report; when no cached report exists, retry is offered only for a failure that may safely succeed later.